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Phytophthora kernoviae
''Phytophthora kernoviae'' is a plant pathogen that mainly infects European beech (''Fagus sylvatica'') and ''Rhododendron ponticum''. It was first identified in 2003 in Cornwall, UK when scientists were surveying for the presence of ''Phytophthora ramorum''. This made it the third new ''Phytophthora'' species to be found in the UK in a decade. It was named ''Phytophthora kernoviae'', after the ancient name for Cornwall, Kernow. It causes large stem lesions on beech and necrosis of stems and leaves of ''Rhododendron ponticum''. It is self-fertile. It has also been isolated from ''Quercus robur'' and ''Liriodendron tulipifera''. The original paper describing the species, stated it can infect ''Magnolia'' and ''Camellia'' species, ''Pieris formosa'', ''Gevuina avellana'', ''Michelia doltsopa'' and ''Quercus ilex''.〔 Since then many other plants have been identified as natural hosts of the pathogen. Molecular analysis has revealed that an infection on ''Pinus radiata'', recorded in New Zealand in 1950, was caused by ''P. kernoviae''.
==Symptoms==
Since ''Phytophthora kernoviae'' has such serious symptoms it should be seen as a serious threat to both trees and shrubs. On the shrubs of Rhododendron, the disease starts with the blackening of the leaf petiole sometimes extending to the base of the leaf this affects old and young leaves equally. In addition to this darkening lesion on the stem, leaves can get severe enough lesions to become necrotic and cause entire leaf death.These lesions begin as a progressive blackening of the leaf tissue and spread across the leaf surface. This necrosis in some cases causes dieback and cankers on the infected plant. While symptoms for trees hosts are similar they have a few distinct differences. For the European beech (''Fagus sylvatica'') host symptoms include dark brown to blue black lesions on the trunk ranging in size and shape depending on severity of the infection. Tulip trees ''Liriodendron tulipifera'' are another susceptible host. The pathogen infects and causes many smaller bleeding lesions along the trunk and can even cause lesions on leaf tips. Both shrubs and trees share the characteristic symptoms of leaf necrosis with lesions on the stem and trunk proving the severity of this disease.
Diagnosis of the disease can be difficult as symptoms for ''Phytophthora ramorum'' and ''Phytophthora kernoviae'' can be very similar. With a sample you hope to identify begin with DNA extraction of the plant tissue tested against conventional PCR and real-time PCR. If either of these tests come back negative you have a negative sample for ''P. kernoviae.'' While positive samples indicate the presence of this pathogen. In addition to this you can use isolation followed by morphological identification.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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